Accelerating Solar & Storage Siting in Indiana

Identify grid-ready, commercially viable hybrid development locations faster.

Solar and storage development is increasingly constrained by interconnection congestion, land scarcity, and capital discipline, making early, high-confidence siting decisions critical. This case study demonstrates how Enverus PRISM®, RatedPower, and Pearl Street Interconnect enable developers to rapidly identify and prioritize high-quality hybrid opportunities by unifying interconnection economics, land viability, pricing fundamentals, and competitive dynamics into a single, analytics-driven workflow. 

Using Indiana as a representative market, this analysis highlights how developers can move faster and with greater certainty by focusing capital on sites with manageable upgrade costs, scalable land positions, and durable hybrid economics. The workflow surfaces locations that support near-term generation feasibility, long-term storage value, and phased hybrid development while reducing development risk and avoiding oversubscribed interconnection points. 

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Executive Summary

This case study illustrates how Enverus solutions help developers identify and differentiate solar + storage siting opportunities in Indiana by integrating interconnection cost signals, land buildability, pricing dynamics, and competitive pressure into a single decision framework. 

Across three evaluated locations, the analysis reveals material differences in site quality driven by:

  • The cost and complexity of upgrading the grid to support incremental capacity 
  • The level of planned generation competing for the same interconnection point 
  • The quantity and contiguity of buildable land available for development 
  • Longterm energy and intraday price signals supporting storage value 
  • Modeled solar capacity achievable on buildable parcels 

Among the sites evaluated, Lawrence County emerges as the strongest overall opportunity, offering the lowest upgrade cost intensity, minimal queue competition, a large contiguous land position, and the highest modeled solar capacity across parcels. Cass and Hamilton Counties present viable but more specialized opportunities, each requiring more targeted hybrid or storage forward development strategies to manage competition and interconnection constraints. 

Evaluation Framework

Sites were evaluated using Enverus PRISM® across the following criteria: 

  • Proximity to transmission substations and associated voltage levels 
  • Available injection in DPP2026, modeled network upgrade costs ($/MW), and the number of binding interconnection constraints 
  • Existing and planned competitive generation capacity at the point of interconnection 
  • Parcel-level land availability and buildability 
  • Historical and forward-looking locational marginal price (LMP) trends and intraday spreads 
  • RatedPower parcel-level design outputs estimating achievable solar capacity on buildable acreage 

By replacing fragmented datasets and manual screening with a unified analytics workflow, Enverus enables developers to reduce siting risk, prioritize capital efficiently, and advance projects with greater confidence earlier in the development lifecycle.

Challenges

Developers pursuing utility-scale solar + storage projects in Indiana face a familiar challenge: identifying locations that simultaneously offer manageable interconnection economics, sufficient buildable land, and durable long-term value. With most attractive substations already constrained, success increasingly depends on understanding where upgrades are economically viable and how hybrid configurations can unlock value despite limited injection availability. 

The goal of this analysis is to identify high-quality hybrid development zones where interconnection upgrades are justified by land scale, pricing fundamentals, and storage-driven value stacking. 

Market Opportunity

Indiana is a high-value region for solar + storage development. Utilities across the state have outlined aggressive renewable and storage additions in recent Integrated Resource Plans, signaling sustained procurement needs. At the same time, the state is preparing for significant load growth from data centers, manufacturing expansions, and other power-intensive industries. For example, Duke Energy Indiana has over 5,000 MW of planned load capacity. 

This convergence of renewable expansion, storage integration, and accelerating demand positions Indiana as an attractive market for developers who can move quickly and secure economically viable interconnection points. PRISM, RatedPower, and Interconnect compress months of manual screening into minutes, enabling that speed. 

Project 1 – Lawrence County, Indiana

Mitchell Lost River Substation (345 kV)

Attribute
Value
County
Lawrence
ISO
MISO
Nearest Substation
Mitchell Lost River
Bus Voltage (kV)
345 kV
Available Injection DPP2026 – Without a Network Upgrade (MW)
0 MW
$/MW to Upgrade Site for 500MW Facility
$119,994.55
Number of Constraints for 500MW Facility
2
Planned Power Capacity
0 MW
Adjacent Acreage (1-mile radius)
1,731 acres
Buildable Acreage
1,593 acres
Avg. LMP, Past 5 Years
$44/MWh
Avg. Solar-Weighted LMP, Past 5 Years
$48/MWh
Avg. LMP, Next 20 Years
$44/MWh
Avg. Solar-Weighted LMP, Next 20 Years
$36/MWh
Avg. Top/Bottom 4-Hour LMP Spread ($/MWh), Past 5 Years
$34/MWh
Avg. Top/Bottom 4-Hour LMP Spread ($/MWh), Next 20 Years
$32/MWh
Avg. PV RatedPower MWac per Parcel
13.39 MW
Avg. PV RatedPower MWac Sum all Parcels
200.80 MW

Opportunity Summary:

Lawrence County offers the most balanced and flexible hybrid development opportunity among the evaluated sites. While near-term injection requires network upgrades, the site benefits from the lowest upgrade cost per MW, minimal interconnection constraints, no planned competing generation, and nearly 1,600 acres of buildable land. These attributes support largescale or phased solar + storage development with attractive long-term economics. 

Strengths

  • Most favorable interconnection economics, with the lowest $/MW upgrade cost and fewest constraints among the evaluated sites
  • Clean competitive landscape, with no planned generation at the substation, reducing congestion and queue risk
  • Large, contiguous buildable land position (~1,600 acres), supporting utility-scale or phased hybrid development
  • Strong intraday price spreads, supporting storage arbitrage and capacity value capture 
  • Stable long-term pricing outlook, with flat average LMPs projected over 20 years
  • Highest modeled solar scale, with ~200 MWac estimated across buildable parcels using RatedPower 

Challenges

  • No injection available without upgrades, requiring upfront interconnection investment 
  • Elevated historical prices, which may pressure standalone merchant solar without storage or offtake 
  • Solar-weighted price compression, reinforcing the need for colocated storage 
  • Interconnection timing uncertainty, dependent on queue progression and deliverability studies 
  • Rural infrastructure needs, potentially requiring incremental site and access investment 

Project 2 – Cass County, Indiana

Walton Substation (345 kV)

Attribute
Value
County
Cass
ISO
MISO
Nearest Substation
Walton
Bus Voltage (kV)
345 kV
Available Injection DPP2026 – Without a Network Upgrade (MW)
0 MW
$/MW to Upgrade Site for 500MW Facility
$232,329.71
Number of Constraints for 500MW Facility
8
Planned Power Capacity
630 MW
Adjacent Acreage (1-mile radius)
2,070 acres
Buildable Acreage
1,834 acres
Avg. LMP, Past 5 Years
$44/MWh
Avg. Solar-Weighted LMP, Past 5 Years
$49/MWh
Avg. LMP, Next 20 Years
$43/MWh
Avg. Solar-Weighted LMP, Next 20 Years
$34/MWh
Avg. Top/Bottom 4-Hour LMP Spread ($/MWh), Past 5 Years
$36/MWh
Avg. Top/Bottom 4-Hour LMP Spread ($/MWh), Next 20 Years
$35/MWh
Avg. PV RatedPower MWac per Parcel
6.89 MW
Avg. PV RatedPower MWac Sum all Parcels
195.60 MW

Opportunity Summary:

Cass County offers a strong land position and solid long-term pricing fundamentals but faces higher interconnection costs and greater competitive pressure than Lawrence County. The site remains attractive for hybrid development, particularly for phased or storage-integrated strategies that can mitigate congestion risk and maximize land value. 

Strengths

  • Largest buildable land footprint among the evaluated sites (~1,830 acres), supporting large or multiphase projects 
  • High-voltage transmission access, suitable for utility-scale solar and hybrid configurations 
  • Strong intraday price spreads, supporting storage value stacking 
  • Stable long-term LMP outlook, providing a supportive economic backdrop 
  • Meaningful modeled solar capacity, with ~196 MWac estimated across parcels 
  • Hybrid-friendly fundamentals, enabling storage to offset solar congestion 

Challenges

  • Highest interconnection upgrade cost intensity and constraint count among the sites 
  • Significant planned generation (630 MW) increasing future congestion and competition 
  • No injection available without upgrades, limiting near-term flexibility 
  • Elevated solar-weighted historical pricing, signaling midday congestion risk 
  • Increased queue deliverability risk as planned capacity advances 

Want to explore how this siting framework applies to your AOI?

Project 3 – Hamilton County, Indiana

Hortonville Substation (345 kV) 

Attribute
Value
County
Hamilton
ISO
MISO
Nearest Substation
Hortonville
Bus Voltage (kV)
345 kV
Available Injection DPP2026 – Without a Network Upgrade (MW)
0 MW
$/MW to Upgrade Site for 500MW Facility
$204,880.10
Number of Constraints for 500MW Facility
3
Planned Power Capacity
400 MW
Adjacent Acreage (1-mile radius)
1,842 acres
Buildable Acreage
1,465 acres
Avg. LMP, Past 5 Years
$44/MWh
Avg. Solar-Weighted LMP, Past 5 Years
$50/MWh
Avg. LMP, Next 20 Years
$46/MWh
Avg. Solar-Weighted LMP, Next 20 Years
$39/MWh
Avg. Top/Bottom 4-Hour LMP Spread ($/MWh), Past 5 Years
$36/MWh
Avg. Top/Bottom 4-Hour LMP Spread ($/MWh), Next 20 Years
$35/MWh
Avg. PV RatedPower MWac per Parcel
6.66 MW
Avg. PV RatedPower MWac Sum all Parcels
158 MW

Opportunity Summary:

Hamilton County is differentiated by its strong long-term pricing fundamentals and pronounced storage value, making it well suited for storage-heavy or hybrid-optimized designs. While injection availability is constrained and competition is present, the site’s pricing signals and land availability support targeted development strategies focused on storage-driven value. 

Strengths

  • Strong long-term average and solar-weighted LMPs, the highest among the evaluated sites 
  • Attractive intraday price spreads, supporting storage arbitrage opportunities 
  • Substantial buildable acreage (~1,465 acres), enabling utility-scale deployment 
  • 345 kV transmission access, supporting large interconnection configurations 
  • Clear storage value-stacking use case, particularly in hybrid or storage-forward designs 

Challenges

  • No injection available without upgrades, constraining standalone generation development 
  • Planned nearby generation (400 MW) increasing congestion and competitive pressure 
  • Lower modeled solar capacity (~158 MWac) relative to other sites 
  • Solarweighted price exposure, reinforcing the need for storage integration 
  • More specialized development profile, requiring careful sizing and phasing 

Side-by-side Comparison

1. Interconnection Economics

  • Lawrence: Lowest upgrade cost and fewest constraints most economical interconnection pathway 
  • Cass: Highest upgrade cost and constraint count → greatest interconnection complexity 
  • Hamilton: Moderate upgrade costs with competition → viable but more targeted use case 

2. Land Availability

  • Cass: Largest total and buildable acreage 
  • Lawrence: Slightly smaller but more contiguous and efficient 
  • Hamilton: Slightly smaller but more contiguous and efficient 

3. Pricing & Storage Value

  • All three sites show similar historical average LMPs (~$44/MWh) 
  • Hamilton leads on long-term LMP outlook 
  • Lawrence and Cass offer strong intraday spreads supporting storage arbitrage 

4. Competitive Pressure

  • Lawrence: 0 MW planned → cleanest interconnection path 
  • Hamilton: 400 MW planned → moderate competition 
  • Cass: 630 MW planned → highest congestion risk 

Recommendation

Best Overall Site: Lawrence County - Mitchell Lost River Substation

Why Lawrence Leads

  • Lowest cost and complexity to upgrade interconnection 
  • No planned competing capacity 
  • Large, contiguous buildable land position 
  • Highest modeled solar integration potential 
  • Strong storage economics supported by pricing spreads 

Lawrence County offers the most flexible, scalable, and lowest-risk pathway for a large-scale solar + storage project, supporting both energy delivery and storage-driven value capture. 

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